Ivermectin in Oncology: Frequently Asked Questions

What is Ivermectin, and what is it typically used for?

Ivermectin is an FDA-approved drug primarily used to treat parasitic infections caused by worms, such as intestinal strongyloidiasis and onchocerciasis (river blindness). It is also prescribed as a topical treatment for head lice and skin conditions like rosacea.

How does Ivermectin work against cancer cells in laboratory settings?

Research indicates Ivermectin can kill various cancer cells in the lab, including breast, ovarian, prostate, colorectal, brain, renal, leukemia, and lung cancer cells. Its effectiveness is attributed to its function as a strong ionophore, particularly its ability to disrupt ion dynamics across cell membranes by influencing chloride ion channels. This disruption interferes with the rapid growth and metabolism of cancer cells, ultimately leading to their death.

Besides its ionophore activity {ref}, what other anti-cancer mechanisms does Ivermectin exhibit?

Ivermectin demonstrates a multifaceted approach to combating cancer, including:

Triggering immunogenic cell death: This process alerts the immune system to target and eliminate remaining cancer cells.

Inhibiting cancer stem cells: These cells are thought to drive tumor growth and recurrence.

Suppressing angiogenesis: This process involves inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels that supply tumors with nutrients.

Blocking metastasis: This action prevents cancer cells from spreading to other body parts.

Inhibiting various pathways: Ivermectin interferes with signaling pathways crucial for cancer cell survival and proliferation, such as the WNT pathway.

 

Is there evidence that Ivermectin has been used in humans with cancer, and if so, what were the outcomes?

While research on Ivermectin's use in human cancer cases is still limited, some promising case reports have emerged. One study reported on three patients with advanced cancer who experienced symptom relief and tumor marker reduction after adding low-dose Ivermectin to their treatment regimen. Another study observed benefits in pediatric patients with refractory AML who received a daily dose of 1 mg/kg for six months without significant side effects.

What is the recommended dosage of Ivermectin for potential anti-cancer effects?

The optimal dosage for Ivermectin in oncology is yet to be definitively established. However, based on current research and observations, a daily dose of 0.6 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg, taken once daily with food, is suggested. The specific regimen may involve cycles of 5 days on, 2 days off, or 20 days on, 10 days off, depending on the cancer's activity and individual response.

Are there any safety concerns associated with Ivermectin use?

Ivermectin generally has a good safety profile, even at higher doses than traditionally used for parasitic infections. However, it is crucial to start with a lower dose and gradually increase it under medical supervision to monitor for potential side effects. It's important to note that safety data on higher doses for extended periods is still limited and requires further research.

Where can I find more information about Ivermectin and its potential use in oncology?

It's crucial to consult with a qualified healthcare professional to discuss Ivermectin's potential benefits and risks in the context of your specific situation. 

References

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Akhtar, Ayesha & Mazumdar, Nasreen & Inam, Afreen. (2023). Toxicology, Safety, and Environmental Aspects of Ivermectin. 10.1002/9781394168033.ch11. 

Lotfalizadeh, Narges & Gharib, Arian & Hajjafari, Ashkan & Borji, Hassan & Bayat, Zeynab. (2022). Anticancer Potential of Ivermectin: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Implications. Journal of Lab Animal Research. 1. 52-59. 10.58803/jlar.v1i1.11. 

Tang, Mingyang & Hu, Xiaodong & Wang, Yi & Yao, Xin & Zhang, Wei & Yu, Chenying & Cheng, Fuying & Li, Jiangyan & Fang, Qiang. (2020). Ivermectin, a potential anticancer drug derived from an antiparasitic drug. Pharmacological research. 163. 105207. 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105207. 

Hu, B & Tan, H & Yu, L & Liao, Q & Guo, W. (2022). Repurposing Ivermectin to augment chemotherapy’s efficacy in osteosarcoma. Human & Experimental Toxicology. 41. 096032712211436. 10.1177/09603271221143693. 

synergism between ivermectin and doxorubicin in in vivo osteosarcoma model.

D, MITRA & Patil, Pandurang & S, KUMARI & Ettaboina, Santhosh & N, Saini & Gs, Thenmozhli & Kp, Ahsan. (2022). IVERMECTIN AS A POTENTIAL DRUG IN INHIBITING COLORECTAL CANCER CELL GROWTH. 11. 4866-4874. 10.31032/IJBPAS/2021/11.10.6514. 

Liu, Jian & Zhang, Kun & Cheng, Lin & Zhu, He & Xu, Tianmin. (2020). Progress in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Antitumour Effects of Ivermectin. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 14. 285-296. 10.2147/DDDT.S237393. 

Singhal, Shipra & Maheshwari, Priyal & Krishnamurthy, Praveen & Patil, Vaishali. (2022). Drug Repurposing Strategies for Non-Cancer to Cancer Therapeutics. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 22. 10.2174/1871520622666220317140557.