Oncogenes

 RAS Family:

HRAS

KRAS

NRAS

MYC Family:

MYC

MYCN

MYCL1

ERBB Family:

EGFR (ErbB1/HER1)

ERBB2 (ErbB2/HER2)

ERBB3 (ErbB3/HER3)

ERBB4 (ErbB4/HER4)

ABL1: Associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and some forms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

BRAF: Mutations often found in melanomas, colorectal cancers, and thyroid cancers.

ALK: Rearrangements of this gene are common in certain types of lung cancer.

RET: Mutations in RET are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) and some thyroid cancers.

JAK2: Associated with myeloproliferative disorders, including polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia.

KIT: Mutations are implicated in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and some types of leukemia.

PDGFRA: Mutations are found in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

MET: Amplifications and mutations are found in various cancers, including lung cancer.

ROS1: Rearrangements of ROS1 are found in certain types of lung cancer.

NTRK1, NTRK2, NTRK3: Gene fusions involving NTRK genes are found in various cancers and are actionable targets.

NOTCH1: Mutations are associated with certain types of leukemia and lymphoma.

FOS: A component of the AP-1 transcription factor complex, involved in cellular responses to stimuli.

LMO2: Linked to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

RUNX1: Mutations are found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and related disorders.

PAX5: Mutations are associated with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

BCL2: Overexpression or translocation of BCL2 is linked to various lymphomas, including follicular lymphoma.

BCL6: Implicated in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and other lymphoid malignancies.

BCL10: Translocations involving BCL10 are found in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.

EWSR1-FLI1 Fusion: Common in Ewing sarcoma.

HIF1A: Involved in hypoxia response.

BRCA1 and BRCA2: Mutations in these genes are associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancers.

TP53: Often called the "guardian of the genome," mutations are found in a wide range of cancers.

NF1: Mutations are seen in neurofibromatosis type 1 and some types of tumors.

APC: Mutations are common in colorectal cancer and other tumors.

SMAD4: Mutations are found in pancreatic cancer and other malignancies.

VHL: Mutations cause von Hippel-Lindau disease and are implicated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

KRAS: Mutations in this gene are particularly prevalent in pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer.

NRAS: Mutations are found in various cancers, including melanoma.

FGR: Associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and other myeloproliferative disorders.

MEK1/2: Involved in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway and mutated in several cancers.

AKT1: A key player in PI3K-AKT signaling, often altered in multiple cancers.

CDK4: Involved in cell cycle regulation, amplified in melanoma and other cancers.

CDK6: Another cyclin-dependent kinase associated with cell cycle control and cancer.

FGFR1: Mutations, amplifications, and fusions in FGFR1 are linked to various cancers.

FGFR2: Mutations and fusions involving FGFR2 are associated with certain cancers.

FGFR3: Mutations and fusions in FGFR3 are found in multiple cancer types.

DDR2: Mutations in DDR2 are implicated in lung and other cancers.

HRAS: Mutations are found in various cancers, including bladder cancer.

EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations are common in lung adenocarcinoma.

ERBB4: Mutations and overexpression are seen in various cancers.

KITLG (KIT Ligand): Mutations in the receptor's ligand are associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

FLT3: Frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia.

ALK Fusion Genes: In addition to EML4-ALK, various fusion partners are associated with different cancers.

RAF1: A member of the RAF kinase family, often altered in cancer.

AKT2: Another isoform of AKT involved in cell survival and growth.

NRG1: Neuregulin 1 fusions have been identified in several cancer types.

NTRK Fusions (Other Than NTRK1-3): Fusion genes involving other NTRK family members have been discovered.

PTPN11: Mutations are found in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and other cancers.

KRAS G12C: A specific subtype of KRAS mutation with therapeutic implications.

IDH1 and IDH2: Mutations are associated with various gliomas and other cancers.

RUNX2: Implicated in breast cancer and other malignancies.

KITLG: Also known as stem cell factor, mutations in this gene are found in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

FOXO1: Involved in cell cycle regulation and implicated in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma {ref}

AKT3: The third isoform of AKT, contributing to cell survival and proliferation.

CSF1R: Mutations are seen in certain leukemias and other myeloid disorders.

PIM1: Proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus, associated with lymphomas.

PIM2: Another member of the PIM kinase family linked to cancer.

MYB: Overexpression and rearrangements are seen in various cancers.

PRKCI: Involved in cell polarity and implicated in lung cancer and other malignancies.

PRKCB: Another protein kinase C isoform associated with cancer.

RAF1: Mutations in this gene are found in various cancers, including melanoma.

NPM1: Mutations in NPM1 are frequently seen in acute myeloid leukemia.

NFKB1: Implicated in various cancers due to its role in inflammation and cell survival.

NFKB2: A member of the NF-κB family with relevance to lymphoid malignancies.

SRC Family Kinases: Including SRC, YES1, FYN, LYN, and others, associated with multiple cancer types.

HOX Genes: Aberrations in various HOX genes have been linked to cancer, especially in hematological malignancies.

SOX2: Often amplified or overexpressed in lung and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.

BMI1: Part of the polycomb repressive complex and involved in stem cell regulation and cancer.

ZNF217: Amplifications in this gene are linked to breast and ovarian cancers.

BIRC5 (Survivin): Overexpression is associated with resistance to apoptosis in cancer cells.

RAD51: Involved in DNA repair and often dysregulated in cancer.

TERT: The catalytic subunit of telomerase, mutations and amplifications are linked to various cancers.

RAD21: A component of the cohesin complex, altered in some cancers.

ERG: Rearrangements involving ERG are commonly found in prostate cancer.

FGF3 and FGF4: Fibroblast growth factor genes with oncogenic potential when amplified.

AURKA: AURKA overexpression is associated with cell cycle dysregulation in cancer.

AURKB: Another member of the Aurora kinase family linked to cell division and cancer.

CCNE1: Amplifications in this gene are found in various cancer types.

CDKN2A (p16INK4a): Loss of function is linked to melanoma and other cancers.

CRLF2: Rearrangements involving CRLF2 are seen in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

CBL: Mutations in this gene are associated with myeloid disorders and other malignancies.

TAL1: Overexpression is associated with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

HOXA Genes: Aberrations in the HOXA cluster are implicated in various cancers.

TGFBR2: Mutations in this gene are linked to microsatellite instability in some colorectal cancers.

C-KIT Ligand (KITLG): Also known as stem cell factor, mutations in the ligand are found in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

FGF19: Amplifications of FGF19 are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.

FGF20: Amplifications of FGF20 are linked to lung squamous cell carcinoma.

KDR (VEGFR2): Overexpression is associated with angiogenesis and cancer progression.

KLF4: Implicated in esophageal and colorectal cancers.

KLF6: Mutations are found in hepatocellular carcinoma and other malignancies.

MDM2: Amplifications of MDM2 can lead to increased degradation of p53 in cancer.

MDM4: Also known as MDMX, it regulates p53 function and is often overexpressed in cancer.

NCOA4: Involved in autophagy and implicated in various malignancies.

EZH2: Part of the polycomb repressive complex 2, overexpression is seen in several cancers.

MAX: Mutations in this gene are associated with hereditary pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.

AXL: Overexpression of AXL is linked to metastasis and drug resistance in cancer.

NKX2-1 (TTF-1): Mutations and rearrangements are found in lung adenocarcinoma.

PTCH1: Mutations in this gene are linked to basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma.

SMO: Mutations in SMO are associated with basal cell carcinoma and other cancers.

LIF: Overexpression of LIF is implicated in various malignancies.

IL6: Overexpression of IL6 is linked to inflammation and cancer progression.

EZH1: A paralog of EZH2, also associated with chromatin remodeling in cancer.

TP63: TP63 alterations are found in squamous cell carcinomas and other cancers.

MDM1: Mutations are associated with melanoma and other cancers.

TNFRSF14: Mutations in this gene are seen in various lymphoid malignancies.

FGF7 (KGF): Overexpression of FGF7 is associated with various cancers.

VAV1: Mutations in VAV1 are found in hematological malignancies.

CHD7: Mutations are linked to CHARGE syndrome and certain cancers.

EPHB6: Mutations in this gene are associated with colorectal cancer.

GATA2: Mutations are seen in various hematological malignancies.

GNA11: Mutations in GNA11 are associated with uveal melanoma.

HRAS: Mutations are found in various cancers, including bladder cancer.

MAP2K1: Also known as MEK1, it is involved in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway.

NPM2: Overexpression of NPM2 is implicated in lung cancer.

PALB2: Mutations are linked to hereditary breast and pancreatic cancers.

PHOX2B: Mutations are associated with neuroblastoma and other neural crest tumors.

PIK3CA: Mutations in this gene are common in various cancer types.

RBM10: Mutations in RBM10 are found in lung adenocarcinoma and other cancers.

SMARCB1 (INI1): Mutations in this gene are associated with malignant rhabdoid tumors.

SYT: SYT-SSX fusion genes are characteristic of synovial sarcoma.

TCF3: Involved in B-cell development and implicated in leukemia.

TGFBR1: Mutations in this gene are found in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancers.

TMPRSS2-ERG Fusion: Common in prostate cancer, leading to ERG overexpression.

TSC1 and TSC2: Mutations in these genes cause tuberous sclerosis and are linked to various cancers.

TXNIP: Implicated in pancreatic cancer and other malignancies.

WT1: Mutations in WT1 are associated with Wilms tumor and other cancers.

YAP1: Overexpression of YAP1 is linked to cancer growth and metastasis.

The functions and implications of these genes can vary widely based on the specific cancer context and genetic alterations.