Synergies


Two or more substances can be greater than the sum of their parts, that's synergy. For example, to achieve the cleanest dishes with a dishwasher, you not only need a good quality detergent but also a dishwasher salt and rinse aid. Only if you combine all three products will you get the desired result.
  1. Garlic + Turmeric anticholesterol effect {studyThe role of cholesterol metabolism in cancer}
  2. Tomato (lycopene) + broccoli (sulforaphane): 1.4 cups broccoli + 2.5 cups of fresh tomato, 1 cup of tomato sauce, 1/2 cup of tomato paste, or  supplements. {article} prostate health/prevention
  3. Turmeric + garlic + ginger {study}
  4. Honokiol + Magnolol
  5. Honokiol + Modified Citrus Pectin {link}
  6. Selenium + sulforaphane: up to 13 times more effective than either nutrient alone. {article | study}
  7. Vit C(ascorbic acid) + Vitamin K3 100:1 {study}
  8. Lysine + Ascorbic acid + Green Tea Extract 
  9. EGCG + Quercetin {study | study | study}
  10. Luteolin + EGCG {study | study}
    • IP6 + Inositol
    • IP6 + catechins catechin and IP6 amplified VEGF reduction {study}
    • Garcinol + Curcumin: 2 to 10 fold that of the individual agents on pancreatic cancer cells.
    • Grape Seed Extract + Green Tea
    • Green tea + Curcumin {study | study p21|study | study}
    • Curcumin + Boswellia {video | study}
    • Curcumin + Berberine
    • Curcumin + Ursolic Acid
    • Curcumin + Ascorbic acid {Curcumin antifungal and antioxidant activities are increased 5-10 fold in the presence of ascorbic acid study}
    • Curcumin + Sulforaphane {study|study|study "Data from this study demonstrate that a low-dose ACS combination inhibits cell growth by inducing cell apoptosis, and proposes sustained activation of the ERK1/2signaling pathway as one of the possible mechanisms"}
    • Curcumin + Silymarin {study}
    • Aspirin + Curcumin + Sulforaphane " From our studies, we report a 2–5-fold reduction in doses with ASP (1 mM) and CUR (10 μM). Similarly, 20–40 μM of SFN is reported to be active against various cancers, whereas our dose of 5 μM concentration in combination with ASP and CUR reduced the concentration by 4–8 times (18,21,22). Subsequent studies using apoptosis and colony formation assays confirmed these observations and further strengthen the hypothesis of synergistic effect using combinatorial regimens" {study}
    • EGCg + CapsaicinCatechin-vanilloid synergies with potential clinical applications in cancer.
    • Curcumin + Honokiol + Apigenin{study}
    • Carnosic acid + Curcumin {study}
    • Curcumin + black seed oil antiviral {study}
    • Curcumin + DHA docosahexaenoic acid {studystudy}
    • Curcumin + Ascorbic acid {study"both natural products may work together by different molecular pathways to achieve their overall cytotoxicity. Unlike chemically synthesized drugs, natural products might be active at lower doses and over longer periods of incubation, which could further support the appearance of additive effects."
    • Ascorbic acid, Zinc Selenium + Quercetin
    • Pomegranate Broccoli Turmeric + Green tea.
    • Laetrile + Ascorbic acidpancreatic enzymes.
    • Vitamin D + Lycopene {study inhibition of prostate and mammary cancer cells study leukemic cells
    • Garlic + Artesunate {study}
    • D-limonene + Berberine {studystomach cancer}
    • Maitake + Ascorbic acid {studyhepatocellular carcinoma}
    • Vitamin D3 + Sulforophane {study|study|study|study|article}
    • Melatonin + Vitamin D3 {study|study}
    • Sulforaphane + EGCg: {study}
    • Galangin + Berberine: {study}
    • Fucoidan + Rutin: {study}
    • Maitake + Sulforaphane: "synergistic effect of the combination of sulforaphane and a maitake extract on the gene expression of Phase 2 detoxifying enzymes NQO1 and UGT1A1 suggesting the agents together may be effective at detoxifying the body of excess estrogens"{article}
    • EGCg (green tea) + lemon: "Citrus juices, including fromlimes, grapefruits, lemons and oranges,increased the levels of catechins by more than five times, with an 81 to 98 per cent recovery for EGC, 56 to 75 per cent for EGCG, 86 to 95 per cent for EC and 30 to 55 per cent for ECG. Lemon juice was the most effective at preserving catechins in green tea, the study found."{article}
    • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) + Vitamin B2: {study}
    • Crocin + Curcumin {study}
    • Lycopene + Curcumin + Sulforaphane + Quercetin {study}
    • Curcumin + Triptolide:{study}
    • Emodin + Curcumin: {study|study}
    • Resveratrol + Artemisinin: {study}
    • Curcumin + Resveratrol: {study}
    • EGCG + Silibinin: {study}
    • Thymoquinone + Melatonin: {study}
    • Cucurbitacin B + Curcumin: {study}
    • Lipoic acid + hydroxycitrate: "The combination was used to treat mouse syngeneic cancer models: MBT-2 bladder transitional cell carcinoma, B16-F10 melanoma and LL/2 Lewis lung carcinoma. The efficacy of this combination appears similar to conventional chemotherapy (cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil) as it resulted in significant tumor growth retardation and enhanced survival." {study| + capsaicin study
    • Shark liver oil + theobromine {book} anti-angiogenisis, tumor suppression
    • Citrus limonoids + Curcumin: {study
    • Curcumin + Ginger + Rutin: {study}
    • Rutin + Silibinin: {study}
    • Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) + Curcumin: {study}
    • Sodium butyrate + artemisinin: {study}
    • Berberine + Curcumin + Dihydroartemisinin: HDAC inhibition {article}
    • Astragalus + Salvia Miltiorrhiza: {study}
    • Baicalin + Salvia Miltiorrhiza: {study}
    • Mesoinositol + ascorbic acid: {study}
    • Ferulic acid + Curcumin: {study}
    • Curcumin + Sulforaphane + Dihydrocaffeic Acid:{studycolon cancer}
    • Piperlongumine + Sanguinarine: {study}
    • Luteolin + Palmitoylethanolamide: {study} Autophagy inhibition
    • DHA + Butyrate: {study}
    • β-cryptoxanthin + Lycopene {study|article}
    • Butyrate + Acetylcarnitine:{studycolon cancer}
    • Luteolin + Myo-inositol: {studylung cancer}
    • Melatonin + aloe vera: {study}
    • Ellagic acid + Quercetin: {study}
    • Ginger + Licorice Extract: {study}
    • Glycyrrhetinic acid + Curcumin {study ┋HCC}
    • Butyrate + Vitamin A: {study}
    • Calcitriol + Curcumin: {study}
    • Calcitriol + Resveratrol: {study}
    • DHA Dihydroartemisinin + Curcumin: {study}
    • Aloe vera + butyrate {study}
    • Vitamin D + Sodium butyrate {study}
    • Curcumin + Vitamin K {ref}
    • Honokiol + Vitamin D {studyacute promyelocytic leukemia}
    • Melatonin + DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) {study}
    • Green tea + Pomegranate {study}
    • Andrographis + Oligomeric proanthocyanidins {study}
    • Total ginsenosides (PGE3) + Curcumin {study} 
    • Andrographolide + Melatonin {study} 
    • Chaga + Rosmarinic acid {study}
    • Juglone + Ascorbic acid {study}
    • Melatonin + Walnut oil  {study}
    • Baicalein + Silymarin {study}
    • Luteolin + Indole-3-Carbinol {study}
    • Phosphatidylcholine + Vitamin K2 {study}
    • Theanine + Theobromine {study}
    • Chlorogenic acid + ellagic acid + gallic acid {study}
    • Quercetin + Luteolin {study}
    • Thymoquinone + Royal Jelly {study}
    • Phellinus linteus extract + grapeseed extract {study}
    • Ashwagandha + Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester {study}
    • Carnosic acid + Curcumin {study}
    • Berberine + Evodiamine {study}
    • Vitamin K2 + Phosphatidylcholine {study}
    • Aspirin + Vitamin D3 {study|study}
    • Retinol + β-Carotene + Zinc {study}
    • Selenium + α-tocopheryl succinate {study}
    • Sulforaphane + Eugenol {study}
    • Silybum marianum + Eucalyptus camaldulensis {study}
    • Ellagic acid + Curcumin {study}
    • Emodin + Berberine {study}
    • Berberine + Sanguinarine {study}
    • Berberine + Caffeine {ref}
    • Emodin + Thymoquinone {study}
    • Calcium + Vitamin D {study}
    • Cabbage Juice + Chlorella {study}
    • Melatonin + Shikonin {study}
    • Phenethyl isothiocyanate + Sulforaphane/Curcumin {study}
    • Betulinic acid + Parthenolide + Honokiol + Ginsenoside Rh2 {study}
    • Reishi + Green Tea {study}
    • Nisin + Citric acid {study} as an antibiotic, nisin inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria when combined with membrane-disrupting chelators such as citric acid.
    • Ursolic acid + Piperine {studyan effective strategy in enhancing the bioavailability and hepatoprotective potential of UA.
    • Capsaicin + DIM(3,3'-diindolylmethane) {study}
    • Coenzyme Q10 + β-glucan {study}
    • Curcumin + thymoquinone + 3, 3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) {study}
    • α-Tomatine + Curcumin {study}
    • Melatonin + Andrographis {study}
    • Turmeric + Rosemary leaf extract {study}
    • Butyric acid + nicotinamide + calcium glucarate {study potential combinational strategies capable of preventing skin tumor development.
    • Curcumin + Luteolin {study}
    • Theanine + Theobromine {study}
    • Melatonin + Hyperbaric oxygen {study}
    • Luteolin + Indole-3-Carbinol {study}
    • Genistein + Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) {study}
    • Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) + Silibinin {study}
    • Carnosic acid Fisetin {study}
    • Apigenin + Curcumin {study}
    • Emodin + Apigenin + Curcumin {study}
    • Sulforaphane + Apigenin {study}
    • Andrographis + Berberine {study}
    • Andrographolide + Tanshinone IIA {study}
    • Berberine + Caffeine {study}
    • Chrysin + Silibinin {study}
    • Apigenin + Tanshinone ⅡA {study}
    • Piper nigrum + Tulsi {study}
    • Ursolic acid + Melatonin {study}
    • Anthocyanins + Gingerol {study}
    • Berberine + Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPC) {study}
    • Fisetin + Quercetin {study}
    • Quercetin + Caffeic acid {study}
    • Astragalus + Pterostilbene {study}
    • Inositol hexaphosphate + Pterostilbene {study}
    • 6-shogaol + Pterostilbene {study}
    • Luteolin + Curcumin {study}
    • Chlorogenic acid + Theobromine {study}
    • Hesperidin + Chlorogenic acid {study}
    • ECGC + Chlorogenic acid {study}
    • Fisetin + EGCG {study}
    • Carvacrol + Thymol {study} Leukemia
    • Zinc + Berberine {study}
    • L-ornithine + phenylacetate/phenylbutyrate {studysynergistically produce sustained reduction in ammonia
    • Chrysin Apigenin {ref}
    • Anthocyanin + Quercetin {ref} angiogenesis inhibition
    • Juglone + Selenium {ref}
    • Narigin + Quercetin {study}
    • Coumaric acid + ferulic acid + caffeic acid {study}
    • Calcitriol + Vitamin B12 {study}
    • Sesamin + γ-tocotrienol {study}
    • Luteolin + Silibinin {study}
    • Honokiol + Berberine {study}
    • Magnolol + Autophagy inhibition {studyblockage of autophagy/mitophagy remarkably enhances the anticancer efficacy of magnolol
    • Glycerol + Butyrate {study}
    • Curcumin + Piperine + Cannabinoid variants {ref}
    • Taurine + Curcumin {study}
    • Biochanin A + Sulforaphane {study}
    • Curcumin + Serratiopeptidase {study}
    • Naringenin + Quercetin/fisetin {study}
    • Resveratrol + Curcumin + Quercetin {study}
    • Amiloride + Guggulsterone {study}
    • Artemisinin + Apigenin {ref}
    • Rutin + Silibinin {study}
    • Melatonin + Ascorbyl Palmitate {study}
    • Apigenin + Naranginin {study}
    • Apigenin + Luteolin {study}
    • Berberine + Emodin  {study}
    • Formononetin + Dihydroartemisinin {ref}
    • Gallic acid + Hesperidin {study}
    • Betulinic acid + Ginsenoside Rh2 {study}
    • Ascorbyl palmitate + Quercetin {study}
    • Ferulic acid + Luteolin {study}

    Synergetic combinations of Supplements/herbs and prescription/OTC drugs


    • Melatonin + Tamoxifen {study}
    • Aspirin + Curcumin/Turmeric {article}
    • Metformin + Vitamin D3 {article}
    • Hydroxycitric acid + Tamoxifen {study}
    • Curcumin + docetaxel: Enhanced oral bioavailability of docetaxel in rats by four consecutive days of pre-treatment with curcumin {study| study}
    • Berberine + sorafenib: {study}
    • White & green tea + Sulindac: {study}
    • EGCg + Sulindac/Tamoxifen:{study}
    • Guaraná + oxaliplatin: {study}
    • Caffeine + immune checkpoint inhibitors: {study}
    • Honokiol + Adriamycin: {study}
    • Caffeine citrate + cisplatin: {study}
    • Ibuprofen + EGCg: {study}
    • Curcumin + antibiotics: "Antibiotics classes that have shown synergism with curcumin include β-lactams, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Glycopeptides, Tetracyclines, and Fluoroquinolones."{review}
    • Iodine + Zoledronate: {studyTNBC} 
    • Hesperidin + apigenin + doxorubicin: {study}
    • Berberine + Tamoxifen: {study}
    • Artesunate + HDACi: {article}
    • Sodium Butyrate + Metformin: {studyarticle}
    • Mebendazole + Chloroquine: {ref}
    • Mebendazole + trametinib: {study}
    • Metformin + Quercetin: {study}
    • Low dose naltrexone + Vitamin D: {case report┋adenoid cystic tongue carcinoma}
    • Aminolevulinic acid + artemisinin: {study}
    • Aloe vera + Metformin {study}
    • HDACi + DNA-damaging agents: {study}
    • Vorinostat + EGCG {study}
    • scriptaid + bortezomib: {study┋ovarian cancer}
    • Curcumin + Celecoxib: {studystudystudy}
    • IP6 + Tamoxifen:{study}
    • Tamoxifen + EGCG: {study}
    • Luteolin + celecoxib:{study}
    • Luteolin + Tamoxifen:{study}
    • Garlic + antibiotics: {study}
    • Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) + Tamoxifen:{study}
    • Black cohosh + Tamoxifen: {ref}
    • Tamoxifen + Calcitriol: {study}
    • Ellagic Acid + Sorafenib: {study}
    • Stinging nettle + cisplatin {study}
    • Allicin + 5-Fluorouracil {study}
    • 5-fluorouracil + fish oil {study}
    • Butyrate + 5-FU {study}
    • Quercetin + Phenmorfin {study}
    • Cisplatin + citric acid {study}
    • Olaparib + Curcumin {study}
    • Doxorubicin + Propranolol {study}
    • Sorafenib + Artemisinin {study}
    • Trisenox + Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) {study}
    • Naltrexone + Aged Garlic Extract {study}
    • Selenium + Taxol {study}
    • Metformin + Baicalain{study}
    • Fenbendazole + Rapamycin {study}
    • DHA + Cisplatin {study}
    • Artesunate + ursolic acid {studyArtesunate/Ursolic Acid Combination Therapy Has Better Lipid-Lowering Effect than Atorvastatin
    • Regorafenib + Magnolol {study}
    • Andrographolide + paclitaxel {study}
    • Ellagic acid + chemo/radiotherapy {study}
    • Rosemary extract + Tamoxifen {study}
    • Fenretinide + Curcumin {study}
    • Aspirin + Tamoxifen {study}
    • Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester + Tamoxifen {study}  
    • Bortezomib + Cyproheptadine {study}
    • Ibuprofen + Olive oil {study} anti-inflammatory
    • Salinomycin + Sulforaphane {study}  
    • Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) + Tamoxifen/Adriamycin {study}
    • Honokiol + Rapamycin {study}
    • Thymoquinone + Rosmarinic + Docetaxel {study}
    • Coffee + Tamoxifen {study}
    • rapamycin + acarbose + phenylbutyrate{study} anti-aging
    • Sirtuin + HDAC inhibition {study}
    • Voronistat + PDL1 inhibitor {study}
    • Celecoxib + Emodin {study}
    • DHA + Aspirin {study}
    • Aspirin + Butyrate {study}
    • Silver nitrate + Methylene Blue {study} anti-bacterial
    • Methylene Blue + Adriamycin {study}
    • An Unbiased Oncology Compound Screen to Identify Novel Combination Strategies  {study}
    • Synergistic effects of natural compounds and conventional chemotherapeutic agents: recent insights for the development of cancer treatment strategies {review}
    • Ivermectin + Dichloroacetate{study}
    • Orlistat + EGCG {study}
    • Lycopene + Cisplatin {study}
    • Spironolactone + Non-DNA-Damaging Anticancer Drugs {study}
    • Curcumin + Bicalutamide {study} TNBC
    • Aminolaevulinic acid + Artemisinin {study}
    • Radiation + Bacalein {study}
    • Baicalein + Tamoxifen {study} Baicalein resensitizes tamoxifen‐resistant breast cancer cells
    • Caffeic acid + Caffeine + Tamoxifen {study}
    • Tamoxifen + Vitamin c + Vitamin E {study}  reduce the tamoxifen-induced hypertriglyceridemia
    • Autophagy/mitophagy inhibitors + Magnolol {study}
    • Oxaliplatin + Low-dose Orlistat {study}
    • Orlistat + hydroxy citrate {study}
    • Zoledronic Acid + Ursolic acid {study}
    • Chloroquine + Artemisinin {study}
    • Baicalein + Inhibition of Autophagy {study}
    • Genistein + Tamoxifen {study}
    • Ursolic acid + Tamoxifen {study}
    • Piperine + Celecoxib {study}
    • Ursolic acid + Cisplatin {study}
    • Ttroglitazone + Lovastatin {study}
    • Lovastatin + celecoxib {study}
    • Gingerol/Shogaol/Paradol + Platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs {study}
    • Dichloroacetate (DCA) + Metformin {study|study}
    • Dichloroacetate (DCA) + Curcumin {study}
    • Dichloroacetate (DCA) + Salinomycin {study}
    • Ellagic acid + RX/Chemo {study}
    • Melatonin + Sorafenib {study}
    • Oxaliplatin + Ursolic acid {study}
    • Bicarbonate + Rapamycin {study}
    • MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) + Tamoxifen {study}
    • Imatinib + Celecoxib {study}
    • Magnesium + Valproic acid {study}
    • Cyclophosphamide + Boswellia {study}
    • Boswellia + celecoxib  {study}
    • Tamoxifen + Boswellia {study}
    • Hydroxychloroquine + Indole-3-carbinol {study}
    • Atorvastatin + Celecoxib {study}
    • Omeprazole + Tamoxifen + Ivermectin {study}
    • Betulinic Acid + Taxanes {study}
    • Ivermectin + PD-1 checkpoint blockade {ref}
    • Apigenin + Metformin {study}
    • Sulindac + Diclofenacc {study}
    • Phenylbutyrate + mTOR inhibitors {study}
    • Antimalarials + Chemotherapy {study}
    • Celecoxib + Doxycycline {study}
    • Acetazolamide + Sulforaphane {study}
    • Thalidomide + Cyproheptadine {study}
    • Atorvastatin + caffeine {study}
    • Metformin + Silibinin {study}
    • Chloroquine + Honokiol {study}
    • EGCG + Celecoxib {study}
    • Aspirin + Metformin {study}
    • Niclosamide + Metformin {study}
    • Telmisartan + Vemurafenib {study}
    • Docetaxel + Telmisartan {study}
    • Phloretin + Radiotherapy {study}
    • Borage oil + Tamoxifen {study}
    • Shikonin + Metformin {study}
    • Cinnamon Bark Oil + Imatinib {study}
    • Autophagy inhibitors + chemotherapy
    • Cisplatin + L-alanine {study}
    • Rutaecarpine + 5-Fluorouracil {study}
    • Pterostilbene + Tamoxifen {study}
    • Aspirin + Celecoxib {study}
    • Celecoxib + PDE5 Inhibitors {ref}
    • Rutin + Orlistat {study}
    • Quinacrine + Niclosamide {study}
    • Ellagic acid + KRASG12C inhibitor AMG510 {ref}
    • Lovastatin + Tamoxifen {study}
    • Lovastatin + rapamycin {study}
    • Lovastatin + doxorubicin {study}
    • Lovastatin + methotrexate {study}
    • Lovastatin + Tocotrienol {study}
    • Cisplatin + Artemisinin {study}
    • Honokiol + Metformin {study}
    • Simvastatin + Metformin {study}
    • Metformin + Salicylate {study}
    • Thymoquinone + Metformin {study}
    • Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) + Tamoxifen {study}

    Synergetic combinations chemotherapy

    • Predicting synergistic anticancer drug combination based on low-rank global attention mechanism and bilinear predictor {article}



    Strings of Synergies


    Substrings could be focused on specific (anti)cancer mechanisms or processes.

    Example of a String of Synergies



    Antagonistic interactions

    • Lovastatin + cisplatin {study}
    • Lovastatin + epothilone {study}
    • Lovastatin + cyclophosphamide {study}
    • Lovastatin + etoposide {study}
    • Chemotherapeutics and Hormesis {ref}
    • Magnesium + Oxaliplatin based chemo {study}
    • Mebendazole + disulfiram and metformin combination {ref}
    • Caffeine + paclitaxel {study}
    • Low-dose Berberine + Chemo {ref}
    • Vitamin and Mineral Agonists and Antagonists {article}
    • Vitamin K2 + IFN-α-2b {ref}
    • Alpha-Linolenic Acid + Curcumin
    • Magnolol + Piperine
    • Lycopene + Iron-rich foods
    • Moringa + chemotherapy (TNBC)
    • Drug-Induced Nutrient Depletion {ref}
    • T-cell mediated cancer immunotherapy + Sulforaphane {study}
    • Ferroptosis + Vitamin K {study}
    • Caution should be considered in the simultaneous administration of GS and/or GT extracts or their components with imatinib.{study}
    • There's a relationship between a deficiency in magnesium and zinc and elevated levels of mercury and aluminum. {aluminum reacting with mercury}
    • Calcium (Antagonist: Phosphorus)
    • Magnesium (Antagonist: Sodium)
    • Copper (Antagonist: Iron)
    • Zinc (Antagonist: Copper)
    • Iron (Antagonist: Zinc) "People with higher serum iron, transferrin saturation, or copper concentrations had an increased risk of dying from cancer" {ref}
    • Sodium (Antagonist: Potassium)
    • Potassium (Antagonist: Chloride)
    • Manganese (Antagonist: Calcium)
    • Selenium (Antagonist: Fluoride)
    • Chloride (Antagonist: Potassium)
    • Phosphorus (Antagonist: Calcium)
    • Iodine (Antagonist: Bromine)
    • Molybdenum (Antagonist: Sulfur)
    • Fluoride (Antagonist: Selenium)
    • Chromium (Antagonist: Nickel)
    • Boron (Antagonist: Aluminum)
    • Nickel (Antagonist: Chromium)
    • Vanadium (Antagonist: Lead)
    • Aluminum (Antagonist: Boron)
    • Serotonin (antagonist: dopamine)
    "The effects of zinc, iron, selenium, and copper on cancer cells and TAMs (in supplementation or deficiency context) vary with concentration and tumor type. To sum up: heme iron intake and high serum levels of iron are associated with increased risk of breast and liver cancer (160); copper overload causes liver, lung, urinary, stomach, and cervical cancer; zinc poisoning or deficiency are associated with breast, lung, gastric, colon, and prostatic cancer; lower selenium intake increases liver, gastric, colon, and prostatic cancer incidence. In most cases these ions have been studied individually and their combined contribution to cancer progression has been totally overlooked or not well understood. In cancer growth and immune escape context, it is very important to consider also the relationship and balance between these metal ions inside the tumoral tissue. For example, a lower Zn/Fe ratio in the malignant prostatic tissue is correlated with poor prognosis and increased resistance to chemotherapy (161). In this case, zinc deficiency and iron overload combine their metabolic effects to increase citrate oxidation and mitochondrial activity in cancer cells and support their energy status. Also the Se/Zn balance plays an important role in onset of cancer. When the selenium is in excess compared to zinc, the metallothionein system is dysregulated, thereby producing p53 loss of function and DNA integrity reduction (162). Moreover, the results of some studies suggest that there is a close relationship between Cu and Fe in macrophages. Indeed highly toxic ferrous iron, as result of decreased ceruloplasmin expression/activity and copper deficiency, accumulates in macrophages leading to severe dysfunction (163). How the different ions contribute collectively to all steps of carcinogenesis and immune suppression remains to be described. The few observations made in co-culture systems and small animal models need to be amplified, extended to ion-ion interactions and carefully translated to the human setting. Wisely designed clinical trials are necessary to establish how the neoplastic cells influence TAMs functions or conversely, by controlling metal ions flux. A better understanding of the metal dynamics by which cancer remodels its microenvironment, may aid the discovery of innovative therapies able to more effectively kill tumor cells, or at least limit tumor progression and metastatic dissemination." {ref}

    Microbiome

    • Honey and Cinnamon against Streptococcus mutans bacteria {study}
      • significant differences were found in salivary pH values and the levels of Streptococcus. mutans, S. sobrinus, and L. salivarius between solid tumor cancer patients and healthy controls. 
    • Blue Agave
      Agave {study}
      • The shift in Desulfovibrio was specifically verified by qPCR in newly collected fecal
        samples, and the patients with stage IV gastric cancer were identified to have significantly more Desulfovibrio than those with stage I, II and III gastric cancer. The possible role of Desulfovibrio in gastric cancer was assessed with H2S-treated HT-29 cells, and the results showed that H2S induced NO, IL-1β and IL-18 production, which is important for inflammation promotion and can be delivered through the bloodstream. This study suggests a correlation of intestinal microbiota and the development of gastric cancer. study
    • Urolithins: The Gut Based Polyphenol Metabolites of Ellagitannins in Cancer Prevention, a Review

    Ferroptosis


    Synergy


    Polyamine-mediated ferroptosis amplification acts as a targetable vulnerability in cancer {study| foods}


    Antagonism



    Cautions regarding combining supplements and medication. Stop taking supplements 2 weeks prior to surgery, or consult with your surgeon. If you take medications check if the supplement(s) can be combined with those drugs, especially with chemotherapy, diabetes medications, anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications (including aspirin), benzodiazepines, etc. To combine various supplements add one at a time, start with the lowest possible dose, and gradually increase if no side effect is observed. And of course, consult your doctor.


    SYNERGIES & STRATEGIES 


    This Excel spreadsheet contains an extensive list of natural compounds and repurposed drugs that have been found to have synergistic anticancer effects. Furthermore, it provides strategies for targeting cancer signaling pathways and hallmark cancer processes with natural substances and repurposed drugs.



    References & Sources

    Last update March 19, 2024

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